Consent decree

A consent decree is an agreement or settlement that resolves a dispute between two parties without admission of guilt (in a criminal case) or liability (in a civil case). Most often it is such a type of settlement in the United States.^[1]^[2] The plaintiff and the defendant ask the court to enter into their agreement, and the court maintains supervision over the implementation of the decree in monetary exchanges or restructured interactions between parties.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] It is similar to and sometimes referred to as an antitrust decree, stipulated judgment, or consent judgment.^[5]^[6]^[7] Consent decrees are frequently used by federal courts to ensure that businesses and industries adhere to regulatory laws in areas such as antitrust law, employment discrimination, and environmental regulation.^[3]^[8]^[9]

^ Lehman & Phelps 2005, pp. 103–104.
^ ^a ^b Dabney, Seth M. (1963). "Consent Decrees without Consent". Columbia Law Review. 63 (6): 1053–1064. doi:10.2307/1120423. ISSN 0010-1958. JSTOR 1120423.
^ ^a ^b Karst, Kenneth (2000). "Consent Decree". In Levy, Leonard; Karst, Kenneth; Winkler, Adam (eds.). Encyclopedia of the American Constitution. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. p. 507. ISBN 978-0-02-865986-2. OCLC 57317227.
^ Baradaran-Robinson, Shima (2003). "Kaleidoscopic Consent Decrees: School Desegregation and Prison Reform Consent Decrees After the Prison Litigation Reform Act and Freeman-Dowell". Brigham Young University Law Review. 2003: 1333.
^ ^a ^b Resnik, Judith (December 7, 2015). "Judging Consent". University of Chicago Legal Forum. 1987 (1). ISSN 0892-5593.
^ Mengler, Thomas M. (1987). "Consent Decree Paradigms: Models without Meaning". Boston College Law Review. 29.
^ Mengler 1987, p. 291.
^ Shane, Peter (December 7, 2015). "Federal Policy Making by Consent Decree: An Analysis of Agency and Judicial Discretion". University of Chicago Legal Forum. 1987 (1): 241. ISSN 0892-5593.
^ Lehman, Jeffrey; Phelps, Shirelle (2005). "Consent Decree". West's Encyclopedia of American Law. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Thomson/Gale. ISBN 978-0-7876-6370-4. OCLC 54544166.

[FOOTNOTELehmanPhelps2005103–104-1] Lehman & Phelps 2005, pp. 103–104.

[:0-2] Dabney, Seth M. (1963). "Consent Decrees without Consent". Columbia Law Review. 63 (6): 1053–1064. doi:10.2307/1120423. ISSN 0010-1958. JSTOR 1120423.

[:1-3] Karst, Kenneth (2000). "Consent Decree". In Levy, Leonard; Karst, Kenneth; Winkler, Adam (eds.). Encyclopedia of the American Constitution. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. p. 507. ISBN 978-0-02-865986-2. OCLC 57317227.

[4] Baradaran-Robinson, Shima (2003). "Kaleidoscopic Consent Decrees: School Desegregation and Prison Reform Consent Decrees After the Prison Litigation Reform Act and Freeman-Dowell". Brigham Young University Law Review. 2003: 1333.

[resnik2015-5] Resnik, Judith (December 7, 2015). "Judging Consent". University of Chicago Legal Forum. 1987 (1). ISSN 0892-5593.

[mengler1987-6] Mengler, Thomas M. (1987). "Consent Decree Paradigms: Models without Meaning". Boston College Law Review. 29.

[FOOTNOTEMengler1987291-7] Mengler 1987, p. 291.

[8] Shane, Peter (December 7, 2015). "Federal Policy Making by Consent Decree: An Analysis of Agency and Judicial Discretion". University of Chicago Legal Forum. 1987 (1): 241. ISSN 0892-5593.

[west-9] Lehman, Jeffrey; Phelps, Shirelle (2005). "Consent Decree". West's Encyclopedia of American Law. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Thomson/Gale. ISBN 978-0-7876-6370-4. OCLC 54544166.

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